Brady Western Civ Blog

1346  The strain of Y. pestis emerges in Mongolia, according to John Kelly's account in The Great Mortality May, 1347  Both sides in the siege are decimated and survivors in Caffa escape by sea, leaving behind streets covered with corpses being fed on by feral animals.  October, 1347 Another Caffan ship docks in Sicily, the crew barely alive. Here the plague kills half the population and moves to Messina.  November, 1347 The plague arrives in France, brought by another of the Caffa ships docking in Marseille. It spreads quickly through the county.  January, 1348 A different plague strain enters Europe through Genoa, brought by another Caffan ship that docks there. The Genoans attack the ship and drive it away, but they are still infected.  April, 1348 The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities, with the first one taking place in Provence, where 40 Jews were murdered....

Avignon -  The city where the popes lived after moving from Rome Great Schism -  Division in the Church created by having popes in both Avigon and Rome John Wycliffe -  English scholar who argued that the bible was the final authority for Christian life Jan Hus -  Bohemian scholar who taught that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life bubonic plague -  Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe int he mid-14th century Hundred Years' War -  War between England and France waged from 1337 to 1452 Joan of Arc -  English peasant who led the French army to victory at Orleans 2.  3. W as a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1418. Several men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414-1418). The rival claims to the papal chair hurt the reputation of the office. 4. Widespread, chaos, and drastic drop...

William the Conqueror -  He claimed the English Crown and Invaded England with a Norman army Hanry II -  A ruler of England who introduced the jury to the English court common law -  A unified body of law formed by England's royal judges Magna Carta -  The most celebrated document in history drawn up by english nobels saying that all must obey the law, even the king. parliament -  Legislative group Hugh Caret -  An undistinguished duke from the middle of France, who ruled over very important trade routs. Philip II -  One of the post powerful Capetians who seized Normandy and by the end had tripled his territory under direct control and established royal officials called bailiffs to centralize the government and collect kings taxes. Estates-General -  This helped to increase royal power against nobility. Church leaders(fist) Great lords(second) commoners/wealthy land owners/merchants(third) 2. 3.  Juries and common law 4.  Ever...

three-field system -  A system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted wit a spring crop, and left unplanted.  guild -  A medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices. Commercial Revolution -  The expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. burgher -  A medieval merchant-class town dweller. vernacular -  The everyday language of people in a region or country. 2.  Agriculture, trade, and finance made significant advances. Towns and cities grew. Cultural interaction with the Muslim and Byzantine worlds increased the growth of learning and the birth of universities. 3.  They controlled the number of goods being traded and to kept prices up. they provided security in trading and reduced los...

1. 200 years  2. Spirituality or Religion  3. Sin  4. Urban II 5. Urban II  6. Promise of great riches  7. Ticket directly to Heaven  8. 6th Commandment  9.  This is where the most violent acts of the first Crusade made their legacy and commit the most evil atrocities of the Crusades 10. 30 feet  11.  They started massacring the city's muslim and jewish population 12. Battle of Puriain  13.  By offering more valuable things 14.  Saladin was the first to unite the Muslims against the Crusaders and would be known for his victory at Jerusalem. In the Siege of Acre, Saladin would be forced to surrender leading to the end of his conquests and the beginning of the re-conquests of the Christians in the future Crusades except for Jerusalem 15.  He knew he couldn't defeat saladin 16.  He was able to negotiate a truce with Richard I that allowed for continued Muslim control of Jerusalem 17. One  

simony -  Sold positions in the Church sold by Church Bishops Gothic -  Relating to a style of Church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches and tall spires Urban II -  The 1st pope to call for a holy war to gain control of the holy land Crusade -   1 of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control f the Holy Land from the Muslims Saladin -  A Kurdish captain that recovered Jerusalem in 1187 and made a truce to grant Western pilgrims to access the Holy Land Richard the Lion-Hearted -  An english king who attempted to regain the Holy Land from Kurdish captain, Saladin, however just ended up agreeing to a truce to allow Western Christian pilgrims to visit the Holy Land temporarily Reconquista -  The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain from the late 11000s to 1492 Inquisition -  A Roman Cat...

clergy -  Church officials such a priests an bishops who performed religious services sacrament -  Important religious ceremonies that pave the way to salvation canon law -  Church laws governing marriage and religious practices Holy Roman Empire -  An empire created by the German_Italian named Otto I that was the strongest state in Europe until 1100 lay investiture -  A ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials 2.  Lay investiture  3.  Marriage and religious practices  4.  By gaining support of the clergy,, bishops, and abbots 5.  Because kings held the ceremony, they were allowed to appoint church officials such as bishops instead of the pope himself causing massive amounts of tension between church reformers and kings

chivalry -  A code of behavior that demanded a knight fight bravely in defense of his three masters, his earthly lord(land owner), heavenly Lord(God), and his chosen lady. The ideal knight was loyal, brave and courteous. tournament -  mock battles that young knights took part in. troubadour -  traveling poet-musicians 2.  Men today should be loyal, brave and courteous. 3.  Leather saddles and stirrups. The saddle kept the warrior firmly in place and the stirrups enables him to ride and handle heavier weapons. 4.  Lord, Lady, their family, knights and other men-at-arms, and the servants 5.  Many stories idealized castle life. They glorified knighthood and chivalry, tournaments and real battles. Songs and poems about a knights undying love for a lady were also very popular. Epic Poetry recounted a hero's deeds and adventures.