The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

  1. What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC? 
-In 508 BC Athens became one of the first societies in ancient times to establish democracy. They believed that individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece.
  1. What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians? 
-Cleisthenes belonged to the Alcmaeonid family, which had played a leading part in Athenian public life since the early Archaic period. 
  1. How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6th century BC? 
-He described it as rich in money and a economic boom.
  1. Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these? 
-The civilizations were near the mountains so citizens could get gold from the mountains. This was different from Greece which was settled around the water. 
  1. What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes lifetime? 
-Athens 
  1. What specific stories inspired Cleisthenes and his fellow Greeks? 
-The stories that inspired Cleisthenes and his fellow Greeks were Homers, the Iliad and the Odyssey 
  1. Describe Arete, the Greek ideal or vision of a hero. 
-To the Greeks arete meant excellence and reaching one's full potential. Ancient Greek art emphasizes the importance and accomplishments of human beings.
  1. What surprising political move did the ruler Pisistratus make in order to consolidate power in Athens? 
-He sees the Accropolis 
  1. What was Athens' most valuable trading commodity?
-Athens most valuable trading commodities were honey, olive oil, sliver, and beautiful painted pottery. 
  1. What Athenian product that was almost worthless at the time now commonly fetches millions of dollars on the Antiquities market? What were the artisans who made these products main motivation in doing such good work? 
-Carpets their main motivation was to please the gods and to have their carpets used in the religious services 
  1. How was Hippias a different ruler than his father Pisistratus? What did he do to his father's reforms? 
-Hippias was a different ruler than his father because he was brutal and a savage he canceled his fathers reforms and returned to a strict government 
  1. What did Cleisthenes do in 510 BC? How was Greek society in Athens changing at this time? 
-He was credited with increasing the power of the Athenian citizens' assembly and for reducing the power of the nobility over Athenian politics. The Greek society in Athens was changed at this time because Spartan troops helped Athenians overthrow their king, the  tyrant Hippias, son of Peisistratos. 
  1. How had the Olympics changed from their founding to the days of Cleisthenes and how did this festival influence ordinary Greeks? 
-They had involved to where anyone could participate in the games. This festival influenced ordinary Greeks by encouraging them to maintain a healthy life so they could participate in the games. 
  1. Who did Isagoras turn to in 508 BC to help him overthrow Cleisthenes? 
-Isagoras turned to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him overthrow Cleisthenes.
  1. What happened in Athens while Cleisthenes was in exile? What did this do for Cleisthenes? 
-While he was in exile Hippias was overthrown and murdered this caused the people in Athens to begin a war with Sparta
  1. What did Cleisthenes carve out from the hillside that was near the Acropolis and why did he do this? What was this the beginning of?
-He created the phynx which was the place of assembly for the new legislator this was the beginning of democracy

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