Brady Western Civ Blog

utopia -  Thomas Moore wrote Utopia an ideal place an imaginary land William Shakespeare -  Famous writer, wrote plays Johann Gutenberg -  Inventor of the Gutenberg press produced books quickly 2.  I think the Gutenberg press because it could produce books much faster than a person could and it could replicate religious works which many people could afford and buy at low costs. 3.  Because he was the only artist who drew things as they really were and he drew living things. He was one of the only artists who drew animals such as his famous painting "young hare" 4.  Its art because artists started to draw and paint things and depicate them as they really were, such as the Mona Lisa who was painted exactly how she looked and it is known that the eyes follow you. 5.  Printing changed society by making information inexpensive and available enough for society at large. Greater availability of books led to a greater quest for knowledge and literacy. P...

Renaissance -  Rebirth or reborn a period of time that changed history humanism -  An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. secular -  Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters patron -  Supports artists especially financially perspective -  Artistic technique creates 3-D appearances vernacular -  Every day language of people in a region or country 2.  I think a wealthy merchant class because people who had a lot of money, such as the Medici family (patrons) were able to support people financially, especially Renaissance artists. 3.  Renaissance men who excelled in many feilds was praised as a universal man. A young man should be charming, witty, well educated, know how to dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. He should also be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman. Renaissance women were expected to know the classics and be charming. They were expected to inspire art but not create it. ...

1) When an epidemic spreads beyond a country's borders, that 's when the disease officially becomes a pandemic. An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community. 2) The disease is the bubonic plague. It was an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is transmitted to humans from infected rats by the original rat flea. 3) The plague originated in China in the early to mid-1300s. It reached southern England in 1348 and northern Britain and Scandinavia by 1350. 4) Some symptoms are Fever, chills, extreme weakness, diarrhea, and vomiting. It spread through infected fleas and small animals. 5) It infected Europe the worst killing 30% to 60% of Europe's population. 6) Bubonic plague is fatal in about 50-70% of untreated cases, but perhaps 10-15% when treated.

1346  The strain of Y. pestis emerges in Mongolia, according to John Kelly's account in The Great Mortality May, 1347  Both sides in the siege are decimated and survivors in Caffa escape by sea, leaving behind streets covered with corpses being fed on by feral animals.  October, 1347 Another Caffan ship docks in Sicily, the crew barely alive. Here the plague kills half the population and moves to Messina.  November, 1347 The plague arrives in France, brought by another of the Caffa ships docking in Marseille. It spreads quickly through the county.  January, 1348 A different plague strain enters Europe through Genoa, brought by another Caffan ship that docks there. The Genoans attack the ship and drive it away, but they are still infected.  April, 1348 The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities, with the first one taking place in Provence, where 40 Jews were murdered....

Avignon -  The city where the popes lived after moving from Rome Great Schism -  Division in the Church created by having popes in both Avigon and Rome John Wycliffe -  English scholar who argued that the bible was the final authority for Christian life Jan Hus -  Bohemian scholar who taught that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life bubonic plague -  Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe int he mid-14th century Hundred Years' War -  War between England and France waged from 1337 to 1452 Joan of Arc -  English peasant who led the French army to victory at Orleans 2.  3. W as a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1418. Several men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414-1418). The rival claims to the papal chair hurt the reputation of the office. 4. Widespread, chaos, and drastic drop...

William the Conqueror -  He claimed the English Crown and Invaded England with a Norman army Hanry II -  A ruler of England who introduced the jury to the English court common law -  A unified body of law formed by England's royal judges Magna Carta -  The most celebrated document in history drawn up by english nobels saying that all must obey the law, even the king. parliament -  Legislative group Hugh Caret -  An undistinguished duke from the middle of France, who ruled over very important trade routs. Philip II -  One of the post powerful Capetians who seized Normandy and by the end had tripled his territory under direct control and established royal officials called bailiffs to centralize the government and collect kings taxes. Estates-General -  This helped to increase royal power against nobility. Church leaders(fist) Great lords(second) commoners/wealthy land owners/merchants(third) 2. 3.  Juries and common law 4.  Ever...

three-field system -  A system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted wit a spring crop, and left unplanted.  guild -  A medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices. Commercial Revolution -  The expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. burgher -  A medieval merchant-class town dweller. vernacular -  The everyday language of people in a region or country. 2.  Agriculture, trade, and finance made significant advances. Towns and cities grew. Cultural interaction with the Muslim and Byzantine worlds increased the growth of learning and the birth of universities. 3.  They controlled the number of goods being traded and to kept prices up. they provided security in trading and reduced los...

1. 200 years  2. Spirituality or Religion  3. Sin  4. Urban II 5. Urban II  6. Promise of great riches  7. Ticket directly to Heaven  8. 6th Commandment  9.  This is where the most violent acts of the first Crusade made their legacy and commit the most evil atrocities of the Crusades 10. 30 feet  11.  They started massacring the city's muslim and jewish population 12. Battle of Puriain  13.  By offering more valuable things 14.  Saladin was the first to unite the Muslims against the Crusaders and would be known for his victory at Jerusalem. In the Siege of Acre, Saladin would be forced to surrender leading to the end of his conquests and the beginning of the re-conquests of the Christians in the future Crusades except for Jerusalem 15.  He knew he couldn't defeat saladin 16.  He was able to negotiate a truce with Richard I that allowed for continued Muslim control of Jerusalem 17. One  

simony -  Sold positions in the Church sold by Church Bishops Gothic -  Relating to a style of Church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches and tall spires Urban II -  The 1st pope to call for a holy war to gain control of the holy land Crusade -   1 of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control f the Holy Land from the Muslims Saladin -  A Kurdish captain that recovered Jerusalem in 1187 and made a truce to grant Western pilgrims to access the Holy Land Richard the Lion-Hearted -  An english king who attempted to regain the Holy Land from Kurdish captain, Saladin, however just ended up agreeing to a truce to allow Western Christian pilgrims to visit the Holy Land temporarily Reconquista -  The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain from the late 11000s to 1492 Inquisition -  A Roman Cat...

clergy -  Church officials such a priests an bishops who performed religious services sacrament -  Important religious ceremonies that pave the way to salvation canon law -  Church laws governing marriage and religious practices Holy Roman Empire -  An empire created by the German_Italian named Otto I that was the strongest state in Europe until 1100 lay investiture -  A ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials 2.  Lay investiture  3.  Marriage and religious practices  4.  By gaining support of the clergy,, bishops, and abbots 5.  Because kings held the ceremony, they were allowed to appoint church officials such as bishops instead of the pope himself causing massive amounts of tension between church reformers and kings

chivalry -  A code of behavior that demanded a knight fight bravely in defense of his three masters, his earthly lord(land owner), heavenly Lord(God), and his chosen lady. The ideal knight was loyal, brave and courteous. tournament -  mock battles that young knights took part in. troubadour -  traveling poet-musicians 2.  Men today should be loyal, brave and courteous. 3.  Leather saddles and stirrups. The saddle kept the warrior firmly in place and the stirrups enables him to ride and handle heavier weapons. 4.  Lord, Lady, their family, knights and other men-at-arms, and the servants 5.  Many stories idealized castle life. They glorified knighthood and chivalry, tournaments and real battles. Songs and poems about a knights undying love for a lady were also very popular. Epic Poetry recounted a hero's deeds and adventures.

Middle Ages - K nown as medieval period; 500 to 1500 AD; roots in classic heritage of Rome; beliefs of Roman Catholic Church; customs of various Germanic Tribes Franks -  Germanic people who held power; leader was Clovis; brought Christianity to the region monastery -  Religious community where Christians called monks gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to serving God. secular - W orldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal Carolingian Dynasty - A  dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987; started with Pepin Charlemagne - C harles the Great; ruled the Franks; strengthened regal power by limiting the authority of the nobles 2.  Germany adopting Christianity and the fact that it was the one and only religion. 3.  After the fall of Rome, the main roots to the next culture were three main reasons. 1) was the classical heritage of Rome. 2) The beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church and 3) the customs of several Ge...

The idea of the “Dark Ages” came from later scholars who were heavily biased toward ancient Rome. In the years following 476 A.D., various Germanic peoples conquered the former Roman Empire in the West  The negative view of the so-called “Dark Ages” became popular largely because most of the written records of the time Accordingly, they dismissed the era that followed as a dark and chaotic time in which no great leaders emerged While it’s true that such innovations as Roman concrete were lost, and the literacy rate was not as high in the Early Middle ages  as in ancient Rome , the idea of the so-called “Dark Ages” came from Renaissance  scholars like Petrarch, who viewed Ancient Greece  and Rome as the pinnacle of human achievement no scientific accomplishments were made and no great art was produced The Church replaced the Roman Empire as the most powerful force in Europe, redefining the relationship between church and state. In Rome’s...

Inflation - Drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices Mercenary - Soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army to defend against the increasing threats in the empire  Diocletian - Strong willed army leader who became the new emperor  Constantinople - New capital in Rome  Attila - Germanic assault on the empire, became a direct threat  3. Inflation, decline of agriculture economy, growing population, loss of patriotism, mercenaries, economy fall, reached limit of expansion, taxes were raise. 4. He ruled with an iron fist and fixed previous problems, split the empire in half and ruled the Eastern part, doubled the size of the Roman army. 5. They were fleeing the Huns, who had moved into their lands and began destroying everything. 

1. Jesus - Leader who came to be known as Christ and was believed to be savior Apostle - Close follower of Jesus Paul - Apostle who played a key role in the spread of Christianity throughout the empire Diaspora - Moving away of the Jews from their homeland in Palestina Constantine - Roman emperor who ended the persecution of Christians Bishop - Head of all the Churches in one area Peter - First apostle who helped spread Christianity through Syria and Palestine Pope - Head of all the Christian church 2. Jesus' death and resurrection was the most significant because it showed everyone that God is real 3. Personal relations with God, importance of people's love to God, neighbors and enemies 4. Because they refused to worship the Roman gods 5. It defined the Church basic beliefs

1. Civil War - A conflict between two political groups within the same country. Julius Caesar - A Roman general, statesman, consul; played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and rise of the Roman Empire. Triumvirate - In ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government. Augustus - The first Roman emperor (Octavian) who gained power after defeating the combined forces of Cleopatra and Mark Anthony.  Pax Romana - A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 b.c. to a.d. 180. 2. 3. Economic inequality, military upheaval, civil war, and the rise of Caesar. 4. They had an efficient system government, able rulers, and a strong military. 5. They provided many free game and gladiator contests and organized many celebratory contests.

1.  Republic - A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Patrician - The wealthy landowners who held most of the power. Plebeian - The common farmers,artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population.  Tribune - Protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.    Consul - Commanded the army and directed the government. Senate - Was the aristocratic branch or Rome's government. Dictator - A leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army. Legion - An army made of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers. Punic Wars - Between 264 and 146 B.C Rome and Carthage fought three wars. Hannibal - Was a brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat.  2. Their strong military and powerful government. 3. They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always ov...

1. Hellenistic - Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. Alexandria - City became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization. Euclid - A highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Archimedes - Scientist of Syracuse, studied at Alexandria. Colossus of Rhodes - The largest known Hellenistic statue was created on the island of Rhodes this statue stood more than 100 feet high. 2. Geometry because it helped in astronomy, architecture and still applies to us today. 3. The trade was from all the countries and very diverse. 4. The geometry that he wrote about helped Eratosthenes and Aristarchus calculate the earth size.  5. They both have the belief that people should live in peace.

Alexander is born 356 BC : Alexander is born at Pella in Macedonia, the son of King Philip II and Olympias. His first tutor, Leonidas, teaches Alexander math and military skills, such as archery and horsemanship. He trains Alexander to be physically tough. Philip hires Aristotle to tutor Alexander 343 BC : In 343 BCE, Philip hires Greek philosopher Aristotle to tutor Alexander. Over the next three years, Aristotle teaches Alexander to appreciate philosophy, geography, Greek poetry, and scientific investigation. Alexander particularly loves Homer's Iiad, which inspires him to dream of becoming a great warrior. Alexander joins his father's army 340 BC :  At age 16, Alexander finishes studying under Aristotle and joins his father's army. By this point, Philip controls all the Greek city-states except Athens and Thebes. He alms to unite the Macedonians and Greeks and invade the Persian Empire. Alexander leads the attack against the Thebans 338 BC : In August 338 BCE, the...

1. direct democracy - A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives, was an important legacy of Periclean Athens. classical art - Their values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion. tragedy - Was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. These dramas featured a main character, or tragic hero. comedy - Contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor. Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time. Peloponnesian War - A war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta-the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time. philosopher - Socrates - Unlike the Sophists, he believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice. However, he encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character. Plato - A student of Socrates, was in his late 20s when his teacher died. Later, Plato wrote down the conversati...

Lo1: Define The Greco-Persian Wars Lo2: Identify causes and outcomes of the Persian Wars. Lo3: Create a timeline of important people, terms, and events relative to the wars. _________________________________________________________________________________ Lo1: The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia (modern day Iran) and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 499 BC. The fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479. Lo2: The Persian Wars against Greece were caused because the Darius, the Persian king, wanted to expand their empire. The wars took place in the early 5th century B.C. but the first attack was around 490 B.C. but the Persians lost. King Darius was humiliated and wanted to continue on which caused the series of wars. Lo3: Peace of Callias 449 BC : Both Persia and Athens come to an agreement to end conflict. Persia gives back Ionian ...

What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC?  -In 508 BC Athens became one of the first societies in ancient times to establish democracy. They believed that individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece. What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians?  -Cleisthenes belonged to the Alcmaeonid family, which had played a leading part in Athenian public life since the early Archaic period.  How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6 th century BC?  -He described it as rich in money and a economic boom. Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these?  -The civilizations were near the mountains so citizens could get gold from the mountains. This was different from Greece which was settled around the water.  What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically...

Complete research  the answers in the blanks. Define all terms that are bolded in the chart. Note: Some characteristics may be found in both . ATHENS SPARTA Which had the largest Population? (how many people?) Largest over 140,000 people 16,239 people  Government Which was a limited direct democracy ? Provide explanations and examples Which was a military oligarchy ? Provide explanations and examples Which had two kings? Provide explanations and examples Which had an assembly ? Provide explanations and examples Direct democracy or a government in which all citizens vote on rules and laws The assembly was the regular opportunity for all male citizens to speak their minds and exercise their votes regarding government of their city   Strategos and Archons Council of the 500 The Assembly They were military oligarchy's who spent most of their lives in communal barracks. Rarely seeing there wives and children 2 kings ruled the...